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The independent cinema battling Oriel College to stay open

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On a freezing January evening, an eager crowd piled into a small, independent cinema just off the Cowley Road, the Ultimate Picture Palace (UPP). The event, a private screening of Chloé Zhao’s Hamnet, was hosted by the cinema in collaboration with Dame Pippa Harris, the film’s Golden Globe winning producer. Packed into the UPP’s single-screen 108 seat auditorium, the invitees were an eclectic mix of notables from the University of Oxford, including the Vice Chancellor Irene Tracey, film students from the Ruskin, and passionate local cinephiles. 

At first glance, the evening appeared to be the perfect blend of ‘town and gown’, with both halves of Oxford coming together as a cohesive community to share their love of cinema. But this sense of unity belies a growing tension, as relations between the UPP and the University become increasingly strained. With the looming threat of an unrenewed lease from Oriel College, the current landlord of the premises, the independent picturehouse is appealing to the community at large for support in the struggle against the ever-clarifying spectre of closure. 

A cultural hub in East Oxford

The Grade-II listed building which hosted the evening screening has functioned on and off as a cinema for more than a century. Founded by a local actor in 1911, what was then known as the East Oxford Picture Palace showcased the early offerings of the emerging medium of film, until its owner was conscripted in 1917. The cinema stood unused for 50 years, before being reopened by a pair of Oxford alumni in 1976. Under the new name of the Penultimate Picture Palace (PPP), the cinema became a staple of Oxford’s small but enthusiastic film community, cherished for its late night screenings and its adventurous, often controversial, programming choices. 

After the PPP’s closure in the 1990s, responsibility for the cinema passed through several hands in quick succession. It was run variously by a former employee, local film enthusiasts, and even, in the summer of 1994, a group of squatters who renamed it the Section 6 Cinema and hosted free screenings for families. Eventually it found its way to Becky Hallsmith, a local who, in 2011, bought it in what she called an “impulse purchase”, and set about renovating the premises. After Hallsmith’s passing in 2018, a group of friends and family assumed responsibility for the venue; their aim was to transform it into a community-owned cinema, and, in 2022, they succeeded. 

Despite its numerous names and many managers, the UPP has remained consistent in two respects at least: its independence as a business and its role as cultural hub in East Oxford. For this reason, it’s as much the star of the show at the Hamnet screening as the Oscar-nominated film and its celebrated producer. In a post-screening discussion, Dame Harris fondly recalled how going to the PPP as a teenager with Sir Sam Mendes, the director who would later become her co-producer, fuelled their life-long obsession with film. Nor is Harris the only one who clearly cares about the cinema. Many of the audience members were among those who donated to the UPP when the COVID-19 pandemic threatened to close it in 2020, raising £87,000 in a little over a week.

Dame Harris with the Ultimate Picture Palace staff. Image credit: the Ultimate Picture Palace, with permission.

A challenge of ‘long term security’ 

The event was motivated by this palpable love of the UPP, as well as the sense of community pride in Oxford’s born-and-raised producer and her success with Hamnet. Yet aside from this, the primary purpose of the evening’s entertainment was to raise awareness of the latest existential threat facing the storied venue. 

As Micaela Tuckwell, the Executive Director of the UPP, explained to the audience, Oriel College bought the freehold to the UPP building in 2021, with plans to redevelop it as part of a ‘fifth quad’ once the cinema’s lease expires in 2037. With this in mind, the College is refusing to grant the UPP’s request for an extension of their current lease. 

“The challenge we now face is one of long-term security”, Tuckwell said when we sat down for an interview after the Hamnet screening. “As things stand, we have just eleven years left on our lease. That might sound like plenty of time, but in reality it makes it extremely difficult to invest responsibly, carry out essential renovation works, remain commercially viable, or plan properly for future generations.”

The most pressing issue, Tuckwell explained, is the imminent need for renovations. Unsurprisingly, given its age, the UPP is not fit for modern purposes. There is no flat access to the building, and the loos, positioned somewhat amusingly at the bottom of stairs directly below the screen, are not wheelchair accessible. The building’s energy efficiency likewise demands attention; renovations are required to keep a lid on heating costs and ensure that the cinema is financially solvent. Without these improvements, the picturehouse may have to close before the end of its lease. 

Tuckwell said that the investors required to fund the renovations are already lined up, but that they are unwilling to commit unless the UPP secures a lease of at least 20 to 25 years. This predicament has, furthermore, prevented the picturehouse from procuring essential funding that enables the day to day operation of the cinema. Last year, the UPP was denied a major National Lottery grant because it did not meet the lease conditions. As a result of Oriel’s reluctance to commit to the cinema’s long term residence in the building, Tuckwell emphasised that the UPP “can’t modernise the cinema… to be competitive” with other venues in Oxford.

This critical juncture in the history of the UPP is inevitably coloured by the broader instability in the independent cinema sector. Seismic changes in the screen landscape at large, driven by the rise of streaming and accelerated by the market challenges that formed the corollaries to the COVID-19 pandemic, have posed significant difficulties for picturehouse owners across the country. A survey conducted by the Independent Cinema Office last year found that, without significant capital investment, almost a third of independent cinemas in the UK will close within the next three to five years. While it is not the only local business threatened by the increasing encroachment of the University of Oxford into the surrounding town, the loss of the UPP, one of only two independent cinemas in Oxford, would be particularly devastating for many of the city’s movie-goers. The fragility of the independent cinema industry, once a cornerstone of the global cultural milieu, renders the UPP’s current campaign even more crucial.  

Micaela Tuckwell, Executive Director of the UPP. Image credit: Stanley Smith for Cherwell.

A cinema ‘for the entire city’

For Alastair Phillips, Chair of the Management Committee of the UPP, the closure of cinema would be a devastating blow for the arts in Oxford. “The UPP is an amazing cultural resource for the entire city”, he stated. “It covers all kinds of diverse programming.” It is certainly true that the UPP is willing to showcase films that others are not. This is clearly exemplified by their screening of  The Voice of Hind Rajab, the ‘docufiction’ about the murder of a five year-old Palestinian girl by the Israel Defense Forces. While the film has struggled to find distribution elsewhere, despite having been showered in awards, the UPP ran it for more than two months between 2025 and 2026.

Tuckwell and Phillips see the UPP as an asset which can benefit both the local population and the University community. They emphasise that they are willing to work constructively with Oriel College and are keen to avoid playing into the ‘town versus gown’ narrative. “I feel that we all belong together in this city, and we can cooperate together”, Phillips said. “We’re here as a learning resource for the College and for the University, and there’s different ways we can kind of develop that relationship as we go forward.” 

“What we’d really like to do is to be able to have a creative partnership”, Tuckwell explained. “It could be them using this as a lecture space in the day and us continuing to be able to have a public theatre cinema at night. We’ve put that on the table to them, but unfortunately, the latest thing they said to us was ‘no, we definitely can’t give you a longer lease’. 

“There’s lots of examples around the country of higher education institutions working with independent cinemas or independent theatres. We were asking the College to support that vision.”

Phillips points to the example set by the University of Warwick, where he is a Professor of Film and Television Studies. He says the film department there regularly works with the local Arts Centre, which has a three-screen cinema. “We do all kinds of collaborative activities with the Warwick Art Centre cinema. We work on student events, we work on programming… we’re always involved in speaking opportunities. 

“We’re very interested in developing a really close relationship with Oriel that can benefit both the cinema, but also Oriel students. Students want to be film makers, they want to interact with screen culture, maybe while they’re at university, but maybe some of them will go on into the industry. We want to give them a leg up.”

Oriel College told Cherwell: “We are proud of our heritage cinema, the Ultimate Picture Palace, and are in dialogue with the new managers about how to ensure it remains open to the wider public. We have no plans to extend the lease at this early stage in the tenancy.”

Alastair Phillips, the Chair of the Management Committee of the UPP. Image credit: Stanley Smith for Cherwell.

The campaign to ‘save the UPP’

In spite of all this reconciliatory rhetoric, it’s clear that the UPP are willing to take decisive action to fight for the future of the venue. On Thursday 12th March, the cinema initiated its campaign to “save the UPP”, launching a petition which already has 12,000 signatures. This was followed with a call for regulars to gather outside the cinema, with the aim of recreating a historic photograph taken of its patrons in front of the building. 

The local community responded in droves, with well over two hundred people turning up – so many that they did not all fit inside the small premises. Standing amongst this crowd, the depth of feeling for this small business is unmistakable. When Tuckwell addressed the patrons and mentioned Oriel College, they loudly booed and hissed, which she rather diplomatically tried to discourage. 

Regulars were forthcoming with fond memories of the UPP and their previous interactions with it. “You know what student life is like, you leave all your work to the middle of the night”, one former Oxford University student in his sixties said. “They used to screen films at midnight and the last thing you really wanted to do is to work continuously all the way through. A two hour break to go out and watch some crazy film in the middle of the night at the PPP just got you through, it really did.”

His fear for the future is palpable. “We’re facing a sycamore gap moment here”, he said, referencing the devastation felt when the iconic tree at Hadrian’s wall was felled illegally. “This beautiful thing could be taken from us, and we have one chance to talk the people who are planning to do that out of taking that from us.” 

Another Oxford alumnus explained the key role the picturehouse has played in his life: “The PPP is where I took my girlfriend for our first date. She’s now my wife, the mother of my children. For me, like generations of other students, I would imagine, the PPP is not just a vital part of Oxford’s cultural life specifically, but of life in all its senses.”

One of the patrons who showed up to lend her support was Anneliese Dodds, the Labour MP for Oxford East. Speaking with us, she made a direct plea to Oxford students to support the UPP’s campaign: “Come to the cinema, enjoy it. It’s yours as well… But once you’ve come and enjoyed it, please do raise your voice. Make clear that this cinema really needs to stay right in the heart of the community”. 

Anneliese Dodds, MP for Oxford East. Image credit: Stanley Smith for Cherwell.

Nor is support for the campaign limited to local residents. It is evident that many current Oxford students, who might be supposed to be the beneficiaries of such ‘studentification’ efforts as Oriel has planned, are also concerned about the future of the picturehouse. One Oxford student described the UPP as “a bastion of what cinemas could be”, stressing that “it would be a resounding loss were it to be yet another institution gobbled up by the University.” 

Despite its grounding in the local community, and relatively peripheral location to the nucleus of student life in Oxford, the UPP nevertheless continues to make a compelling contribution to the cultural lives of those at the University. One Oxford student said: “It’s my favourite cinema in Oxford, and I’ve thoroughly enjoyed every time I’ve been; the proximity to many a Cowley pub for a post-film debrief with friends is a recipe for the perfect evening. I’d be gutted to see it go, and I hope the community voice speaking up for it is enough to challenge Oriel’s over-extended reach.”

Another student emphasised the “sense of being in a communal experience that UPP gives you that just doesn’t carry over in a shopping-centre multiplex.” Without the UPP, cinema-goers in central Oxford would be furnished only by Oxford Cinema & Café on Magdalen Street, Phoenix Picturehouse in Jericho, and Curzon in Westgate, which would make the city “immeasurably poorer”.

An emblematic struggle 

Above all, the campaign to “save the UPP” concretises the idea that preserving culture, in all its forms, starts at home. The art deco venue, and its variegated programme of mainstream, independent, and classic films, ensures the unique appeal of the UPP, and its endurance at the core of Oxford’s artistic milieu. The enthusiasm of cinema-goers, past and present, is a potent testament to the vibrant contribution of such independent picturehouses to the cultural lives of local communities. The UPP embodies the perilous status of these cultural cornerstones up and down the country: beloved by their communities, they are nevertheless living with the constant threat of closure. In Oxford, the issue is further aggravated by the constant development projects of colleges, forcing independent businesses into conflict with the University itself. Yet, seeing how passionate the Oxford community is about this cinema, one can’t help but feel, and hope, that the Ultimate Picture Palace will live on for another century.



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Student Life

How an Oxford undergraduate made a name in choral music

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For most undergraduate composers, a debut album remains a distant ambition. For Christopher Churcher, a music student and finalist at Lady Margaret Hall, it has already become a reality. His album Moonrise, a collection of choral works recorded with Somerville College Choir, has earned national attention, including being selected as BBC Radio 3’s Album of the Week.

The path to Moonrise began long before Oxford. Christopher started composing at the age of ten or eleven, shortly after beginning piano lessons. But rather than sitting down to compose, Christopher’s primary catalyst for writing music was a reluctance to practise scales. Instead of working through assigned exercises, he found himself improvising melodies and chord progressions at the piano. Eventually he began writing those ideas down.

Music entered his life through several different routes. Growing up in Birmingham, he joined Birmingham Cathedral Choir as a child chorister, learning to sight-read and performing music several times a week. Later, after his voice broke, he moved away from singing and towards orchestral performance, taking up the bassoon and playing with youth orchestras. When he arrived at Oxford, he expected his future to lie primarily in orchestral music. Instead, it was choral music that transformed his direction.

That redirection, sparked inside Somerville’s chapel, is the thread that runs in a more or less straight line to Moonrise. The turning point came towards the end of his first year. Christopher attended one of the college’s contemplations, reflective services that combine music, poetry, and readings. Listening to the Somerville College Choir perform, he experienced what he describes as an epiphany.

“I just had this sort of epiphany that I’d been missing choral music from my life for so long,” he recalls. “I realised that that was where I needed to be.” Although he had spent years pursuing orchestral performance, the artistic language that ultimately felt most natural was the one he thought he had left behind. Through Somerville College Choir and its director, Will Dawes, he rediscovered a musical tradition that had shaped him as a child.

That relationship would eventually become the foundation for Moonrise. The choir provided a collaborative environment in which Christopher’s compositional voice could develop, serving as his “most kind of significant collaborators to date” who have “have hugely inspired the way that [he] write[s]”. Looking back, he is clear that the album would never have existed without Oxford. “This album only happened because I was in the right place at the right time with the right choir and the right director”, he says.

Yet Oxford’s influence extends beyond performance opportunities. Christopher speaks of the university as a creative ecosystem whose value lies in its intellectual diversity. Although he studies music, much of the poetry featured on Moonrise came through conversations with friends studying English and modern languages. The degree itself, meanwhile, exposed him to ideas that challenged his assumptions about what composition could be.

While rooted in the choral tradition, Christopher’s music draws inspiration from far beyond the classical canon. He speaks enthusiastically about artists ranging from Joni Mitchell to contemporary popular musicians. Rather than treating classical music as a sealed cultural category, he approaches it as part of a wider musical landscape. Oxford, he says, “removed any sort of prejudices that [he] had internalised from studying GCSE music”.

But, of course, Oxford isn’t all positive for composition. Christopher is careful not to romanticise the experience. “Oxford really gets in the way of composing,” he says bluntly at one point. The Music degree (like any Oxford degree), he explains, leaves little uninterrupted time for sustained creative work. Unlike a conservatoire education, his course does not centre composition itself. Despite this, he views Oxford as a productive tension, rather than a mere obstacle. The demands of the degree may limit the time available for composition, but they also expose him to ideas, texts, and people that continually enrich his creative work. “Whilst sometimes I can feel like I’m fighting against the degree a bit to find time to write and compose”, he reflects, “it’s so great because the degree is so stimulating”. Oxford, in his view, has been a place where academic study and artistic practice constantly inform one another.

The result is a compositional style that balances sophistication with immediacy. His creative process is surprisingly architectural. Before writing notes, he sketches large visual timelines on sheets of A3 paper, mapping emotional trajectories, climaxes, textures, and harmonic developments. He compares the process to designing a building.

Describing his composition process, he says: “I’ll sit there and think, okay, I’ve got five minutes. Where do I want the high point of the piece to be? How can I create a sense of catharsis for the listener?” The language is telling. Even when discussing structure, Christopher returns repeatedly to emotional experience. Composition becomes a carefully planned emotional journey, which leads him to reject the idea that composition is inherently intellectual. Instead, his music is fundamentally personal and autobiographical. “I think actually that does make me quite different to some classical composers”, he says. While some composers prefer distance between their work and their personal lives, he actively embraces vulnerability. His music functions almost as a form of emotional testimony.Nowhere is that clearer than in the third Pride Motet. Christopher says, “I put my heartbreak and my love and my humanity into that piece”.  

For Christopher, the goal when composing music is to create music that anyone, regardless of their background in classical music, can listen to and appreciate. Asked how he would describe Moonrise to someone without a classical background, he avoids technical language entirely. Instead, he speaks about emotion. The album, he says, is an attempt “to express human emotion” and to create atmospheres that listeners can inhabit regardless of their musical experience. The words he chooses to describe the music – “warm, comforting, atmospheric, emotional, sensitive” – reveal a composer less concerned with intellectual display than with human connection.

As he prepares for the next stage of his career, including a move to Germany and new commissions for choir and orchestra, that commitment remains unchanged. The success of Moonrise has given him confidence that audiences are responding to the values that matter most to him: emotional truth, accessibility, and connection.

Moonrise emerged from precisely that conviction. Beneath its carefully crafted choral textures and ambitious artistic vision lies a simple idea: that music is at its most powerful when it communicates something real. It is an idea Christopher has cemented in his professional repertoire because of Oxford – because of a choir he wasn’t looking for, a director who became a collaborator, and a degree that left him fighting for time even as it gave him plenty to write about. That belief, and that drive to make music accessible, seems likely to remain at the centre of whatever comes next.



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‘Scenes With Girls’ and complicated female friendships

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Scenes with Girls deserves to be seen as one of Labyrinth Productions’ (Rosie Morgan-Males and Emily Cullinan) most impressive accolades. It displayed the tension inside a female friendship to such a believable extent that at points the audience were silenced entirely. It felt particularly relevant given this year’s right-wing coverage of an emerging “angry woman” who refuses to conform to established beauty ideals, creating the concern amongst men that she may, horror-of-horrors, renounce them entirely. 

The play centres the friendship of flatmates Tosh (Juliet Taub) and Lou (Sanaa Pasha), and their ex-flatmate Fran (Georgina Cooper), and forces the audience to consider what it means to live as a feminist in today’s day and age. Each character symbolises a varying degree of conformity to the standard “narrative” – the conventional life path ascribed to women which lacks space for female platonic intimacy, and foregrounds the pursuit of heteronormative romantic relationships. Lou persistently seeks sex with men, but wishes she could leave her body as it happens, Tosh chooses not to associate with men at all, and Fran becomes the object of their ridicule as she, in their eyes, allows herself to be dominated by her boyfriend. 

The play questions whether following the narratives we’re fed makes us flawed. Underlying the flatmates’ attempts to define a new feminist consciousness is a sense of sexual competitiveness written into their psyches since “girls’ school”, and ironically it is Tosh who chooses the “desire to be desired” over forging an alternative lifestyle with Lou, briefly doing a “really good impression of a girlfriend” before the two reunite. This production was remarkable for its ability to use laughter to make the audience think. Lines which were instantly funny, such as Taub begging her boyfriend to repeat himself and him saying “you’re so fit”, prompted reflection on the reality of women allowing men’s assessment of their physical appearance to dictate their happiness. Hearing conversations after the performance’s end made me certain that this production will have an enduring impact on viewers’ understanding of heterosexual romance. 

The actors’ versatility prevented the physically intense emotional scenes from losing pace, and Rosie Morgan-Males’ stellar directing allowed the audience to observe when each friend was craving the other’s approval. In such an intimate relationship, tension was physical. Blocking made evident to everyone but Lou that Tosh wanted her undivided attention. Lou’s incessant mentions of sex made Tosh’s shoulders visibly slump, and her dissatisfied expression at times where Lou seemed more focused on her phone gave context to later anger. Later, having been persuaded that she ought to renounce men entirely, Lou is placed behind Tosh so that the audience can notice her hopeful looks as she asserts to Fran that she no longer wants to talk about boys: in a weak imitation of Tosh’s all out separatism, Lou murmurs that she now finds them “gross”. 

Cooper as Fran was a comedic highlight, and Morgan-Males’ choice to push her over-enthusiastic reactions to extremity was well enacted. Cooper’s focus was commendable: the audience could see that while constantly smiling, Fran was also constantly listening, never looking away from the relationship between the two women. This made her later assertion that she “is not stupid” and sees herself worthy of pursuing their feminist lifestyle believable. 

Pasha too is a fantastic emotional actor and it was in her character’s moments of defeat that she shone most. After Tosh confronts her and explains that she is obsessed by “the shit version of love they [men] give you”, her physicality destabilises and for much of the rest of the play she appears untethered, at one stage collapsing on the floor. The sense that she is struggling to avoid a total breakdown was impressively acted, her eyes glazing with tears as she tells Fran that she feels “mad”. 

Taub was impossible not to watch, especially in moments of climactic anger. Her ability to move between a cynical “dead-inside” attitude and brutal anger was phenomenal. In particular, her dogged confrontation of Pasha had the audience visibly uncomfortable. 

The embodiment of the joy as well as pain within Tosh and Lou’s platonic relationship was a highlight. No holds-barred descriptions of Tosh’s sex life, in which the men were always viscerally denounced – “the conversational equivalent of a nosebleed in a swimming pool” – were interspersed with tableaus that convincingly represented the pair as two friends placed firmly in our generation. Non-sensical jokes were thrown at each other while sat apart engrossed in their phone screens. In the parts of the script where their friendship was strongest they sprawled their limbs across each other. It was these unspoken moments that made their friendship seem most real: jokingly poking each other’s legs, or wrestling each other to the ground. 

The actors’ boldness and commitment to every movement gave the play its glowing quality. Their hugs – most memorably after Tosh demands that Lou “dig into this” – successfully transferred an appearance of platonic passion. Alongside whole-hearted physical intimacy, the toilet at the back of the stage was an effective way to demonstrate the lack of boundaries between the characters. The lack of bodily privacy between the two was reflected in its openness to the audience, with some of the most compelling dialogue delivered by Tosh from the toilet seat. In an extremely powerful exchange taking advantage of this set-up, a visibly defeated Taub asked “am I mentally ill?”. 

The “messiness” of the physical intimacy was well complimented by the set, with clothes strewn across the floor. It felt like an illusion to Tracey Emin’s My Bed in an era where women’s lack of total cleanliness is no longer seen as shocking. The simplicity of the costumes (relaxed tops and tracksuits, designed by Clara Woodhead and Mimi Finney) were another indicator of the friend’s closeness. 

The script, like female friendships themselves, is complicated, but the actors tackled it with professional quality. It is rare that a student production is capable of making an audience both laugh out loud, and fall completely silent. To use a cliche, it was jaw-dropping.



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Jacinda Ardern and eight others awarded with honorary degrees

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William Hague, Chancellor of Oxford, conferred nine honorary degrees in today’s Encaenia ceremony. The recipients include former New Zealand Prime Minister Dame Jacinda Ardern; actress and theatre director Adjoa Andoh MBE; and literary critic and host of Finding Your Roots Henry Louis Gates Jr.

The other honorands are tennis player Billie Jean King; electronics engineer and inventor of blue LED Shuji Nakamura; Nobel Prize-winning economics professor Daron Acemoglu; Birmingham Royal Ballet director Carlos Acosta CBE; biochemist Katalin Karikó, whose mRNA research contributed to the COVID-19 vaccines; and former CEO of GSK Dame Emma Walmsley.

The procession of recipients and senior members of the University walked from Exeter College to the Sheldonian Theatre, where the ceremony took place, around 11.20am. Earlier this year, the Chancellor conferred eight honorary degrees in a Special Honorary Degree Ceremony intended to commemorate the beginning of his Chancellorship.

Image credits: Zoë McGuire for Cherwell.

Encaenia takes place on the Wednesday of ninth week of each Trinity term, and sees the conferral of honorary degrees on recipients selected by the Congregation, a body of over 5,000 staff and academics. The University website describes these awards as “the most prestigious awards the University can confer”. The ceremony is traditionally followed by a lunch, hosted by All Souls College for over 100 years, and a garden party. It has been a constant feature in the Oxford calendar since the 1470s.

Dame Jacinda Ardern GNZM is one of the most prominent honorands this year. As the Prime Minister of New Zealand from 2017 to 2023, she was praised by international media for her leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic. Last year, Ardern joined the Blavatnik School of Government as a member of the World Leaders Circle, alongside former Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.

Adjoa Andoh MBE is another recognisable face among the recipients. An actress from Bristol, she has performed with the National Theatre and the Royal Shakespeare Company, and is an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. In recent years, she has played Lady Danbury in both Bridgerton and Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story, the latter of which included a wedding scene filmed in Merton College Chapel.

Dame Emma Walmsley DBE is the only recipient to also be an alumna of the University. She studied for an MA in Classics and Modern Languages at Christ Church, later working at L’Oréal. From 2016 to 2025, she was the CEO of GSK, one of the world’s largest pharmaceutical companies, and is the first woman to lead an international pharmaceutical company.

Professor Henry Louis Gates Jr. is one of the several Americans awarded today. An academic at Harvard University, he rediscovered the manuscripts of the earliest known African-American novels and is the director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research. Professor Gates has also built a successful television career as the host of Finding Your Roots, in which celebrities are presented with their ancestral histories.

Past notable honorands include Nelson Mandela (1996), Dame Judi Dench (2000), and Sir Tim Berners-Lee (2001).



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