Student Life
Megan Campbell on women, poverty, and why international law still matters
There is something quietly disarming about the way Meghan Campbell traces her path to becoming one of Britain’s foremost human rights lawyers. You might expect a story steeped in early idealism, perhaps a childhood injustice, a formative mentor, or a precocious sense of vocation. Instead, she laughs and says it was television.
“I watched a lot of Law and Order one summer and thought the lawyers looked really cool”, Campbell tells me. “I’m like, well, that sounds fun. I think I could do that. So really, it was Law and Order, not To Kill a Mockingbird.” She had written the latter on her university application forms, admitting that “it sounded like the right answer”, but the truth is rather more honest, and rather more human.
Campbell is a Reader in International Human Rights Law at the University of Birmingham, where her research centres on women’s economic inequality: the structural, legal, and political forces that keep women poor. Her two monographs, Women, Poverty, Equality (2018) and the recently published Hanging in the Balance (2025), have established her as a leading voice in the field. She has advised the International Labour Organisation, the World Health Organisation, the Council of Europe, and the UK Cabinet Office. She is the Deputy Director of the Oxford Human Rights Hub and hosts their RightsUp podcast. She is, by any measure, formidably accomplished.
Campbell grew up in Canada, raised by parents who wanted her to be a pharmacist, thinking it would be a better route to economic security. She had other ideas: “I didn’t love math and science as much as I loved the idea of getting to play around with words and construct an argument and figure out how to be persuasive. That was very, very appealing to me.” After graduating from the University of Manitoba, the only law school in the province, Campbell completed her articling year with the Manitoba government and was called to the bar. She then worked as a criminal barrister, putting in 15 or 16 trials. She went to the Court of Appeal. She wore the robes. She stood in a beautiful old building and argued a sentencing appeal for a sexual assault case, and she loved every second of it.
“It’s very thrilling to cross-examine somebody, to put a witness on the stand”, Campbell tells me. “After you’ve done it, you feel like you could just jog up and down Everest, such a high.” As a Junior Crown attorney, she was carrying five or six hundred files at a time – DUIs, house party assaults, drug offences – learning how to read a case, how to negotiate, how to build an argument from almost nothing. The technical rigour of DUI cases alone, she says, was excellent training: strict rules around self-incriminating evidence, precise timelines, no margin for error. “It’s a very good area to practise because you have to make sure you’re getting your ducks in a row.”
The criminal bar gave her something else, too: a set of questions she couldn’t stop turning over. She could see, from inside the system, how structurally incapable it was of addressing the things that actually troubled her. Criminal law sees each case as an individual event: did this person commit this offence? It cannot look up and ask the harder question. Why is it always trans women being murdered? Why, in Canada, is it always indigenous women?
“The criminal law isn’t meant to solve those larger societal patterns about why certain types of women are more vulnerable to violence”, she says: “And there’s still quite strong critique that the criminal law system revictimises victims of violence because its processes are not victim-centred. When you put a criminal trial in, it’s the Crown that puts the case in. The victim, they’re not in charge of how their story gets told.”
Campbell was 23 years old. She told her boss she was going abroad for a year to Edinburgh, for a master’s, and would come back. They held her job. Instead, halfway through her master’s, she decided to apply for a doctorate at Oxford. She went for it, she says, because “you only live once, take the big swing, see what happens”. Many months later, they said, you are accepted: “I was like, what now? I could not and I still cannot fathom why.” She was baffled by the college system (“they all look the same to me”), and ended up at Pembroke entirely by chance. The next several years of her life were dedicated to trying to answer the question that had been gnawing at her since that junior posting in Winnipeg: why are women so disproportionately poor? And what, if anything, could international law do about it?
Her doctoral research, which became her first book, focused on the UN Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). It is, she explains, the leading international legal instrument on women’s rights, ratified by 189 countries. And it says almost nothing about poverty. “There’s no kind of obligation on states to tackle the gender dimensions of women’s economic deprivation”, she explains: “And so, obviously, that’s a massive source of rights violations. If you are a woman who is poor, it’s almost inherent that your rights are going to be violated.”
The examples she reaches for tend to be both simple and quietly devastating. In the UK, before 1946, when a couple received social welfare benefits, the payment went directly into the man’s bank account. If the relationship was abusive or simply unequal, the woman might never see that money. “The way the law is structured, the delivery of benefits perpetuates women’s economic dependence on men. Those are the state’s structures that are keeping women poor.”
Take the care economy. Most unpaid care of children, of the elderly, of whoever needs looking after at home, is still performed by women. That work takes time and energy. It limits the hours available for paid employment, the ability to develop skills, and the capacity to take economic opportunities as they arise. And almost every benefit system in the world, she argues, is built around a model that simply does not see this. “What it recognises as work tends to ignore the things that women do as actual work every day. That’s incredibly demanding of their time and energy.” She explains that women are told that they have to find work in the formal market, but when they explain they are burnt out from all the unpaid care work at home, caring for children, parents, in-laws, they are told “that is not work”.
CEDAW, she concludes, does important work. It is progressive, wide-ranging, it even addresses climate change, noting that when disaster decimates public services, it is women who absorb the unpaid care work the state can no longer provide. But Campbell believes that it could be bolder. She says it needs to tell governments: “Your benefit levels are just too low. This is not enough money.”
Through our conversation, the current political climate lurks constantly in the back of our minds. Trump’s second term. Farage in ascendance. ‘Gender-critical’ campaigns spreading across Western Europe and North America. Campbell does not minimise any of this. But she also does not panic, which is either a sign of deep faith in the long game or of habitual sangfroid, or possibly both.
The systems, she acknowledges, are struggling. International institutions were built on the assumption that all states were operating in good faith, committed to a shared cosmopolitan ethos. “If you have actors who are now hostile to those systems”, she says, “it becomes very challenging, because the remedial tools these organisations have are often quite soft.” The UN can express concern. The Council of Europe can make recommendations. Neither can compel.
Yet, if right-wing groups are working actively to defund and delegitimise these bodies, she points out, it must mean they perceive some threat in them. “If they were completely irrelevant, you would just ignore them. Law is not a perfect answer. It’s not the total solution. Looking to the law to solve all the problems of inequality will make people frustrated. But it’s a very powerful tool.”
The work being done by the manosphere, the ecosystem of online figures and movements trading in hyper-traditional gender norms, is, she agrees, its own kind of threat. She has been researching comprehensive sexuality education, which is one of the arenas where this reaction is most visible: campaigns to roll back curricula that teach gender diversity, that tell girls their sexual pleasure matters, that dismantle the idea that men and women are fixed and opposite types.
“These norms that men in the manosphere are articulating might not seem connected to your day-to-day life”, she says, “but they create an enabling environment that legitimises retrogressive and conservative policies. These larger cultural norms are filtering into all different parts of our lives, and they will start to be reflected back in laws and policies”. She is not, she is careful to add, suggesting that engagement is the answer. Quite the opposite. “Not everyone is going to be rewriting constitutions. But you have the power to not engage, to stand up to these things when you see them happen in everyday life. And that’s all part of a larger project.”
Campbell quotes something Carol Sanger, a scholar of American abortion law, said on the podcast RightsUp, which Campbell hosts for the Oxford Human Rights Hub. The point of anti-abortion laws, Sanger told her – the waiting periods, the parental consent requirements, and the mandated heartbeat screenings – “is to make you feel ashamed that you got pregnant”. Campbell pauses: “That line just made me really rethink: if we had shame-free abortion laws, it would give so much autonomy and decision-making to women.” Then, more quietly: “But for most people, they don’t live under that kind of law.”
This is what the Oxford Human Rights Hub exists to do. It takes the gap between what the law says and what it actually does to people’s lives and holds it up to the light. Blogs, podcasts, journal articles, documentary films: all freely available, all rigorous. “Universities are not well funded, and access to journal subscriptions is so expensive. We can create free resources for people who can’t afford access to them. But at the highest quality. Asking the hardest questions.” The Hub’s podcast was built on a specific frustration: that headlines about landmark cases tell you what happened and nothing about what it means. “People love podcasts, and they have time for podcasts,” she says. “Academia has sometimes snobbery around which mediums are the right mediums, where real scholarship lives. I don’t want to get bound up in those debates. Real scholarship is not just one format.”
But asking the hardest questions means sitting with hard answers. Working in human rights, particularly on women’s poverty, is taxing. After a hard day, Campbell does the things anyone does: spends time with friends, gardening, wine bars, working out. She gets angry. She talks it through. She tries to figure out how to make things better. “You recognise it’s a marathon, not a sprint. Women have been fighting for their equality for a really long time. You’re part of that chain, like a baton race. It’s not your job to solve it completely. But it’s your job to keep trying to push the baton forward.” She says it without grandiosity. The way you might, if you had spent 20 years actually doing the running.
Student Life
How an Oxford undergraduate made a name in choral music
For most undergraduate composers, a debut album remains a distant ambition. For Christopher Churcher, a music student and finalist at Lady Margaret Hall, it has already become a reality. His album Moonrise, a collection of choral works recorded with Somerville College Choir, has earned national attention, including being selected as BBC Radio 3’s Album of the Week.
The path to Moonrise began long before Oxford. Christopher started composing at the age of ten or eleven, shortly after beginning piano lessons. But rather than sitting down to compose, Christopher’s primary catalyst for writing music was a reluctance to practise scales. Instead of working through assigned exercises, he found himself improvising melodies and chord progressions at the piano. Eventually he began writing those ideas down.
Music entered his life through several different routes. Growing up in Birmingham, he joined Birmingham Cathedral Choir as a child chorister, learning to sight-read and performing music several times a week. Later, after his voice broke, he moved away from singing and towards orchestral performance, taking up the bassoon and playing with youth orchestras. When he arrived at Oxford, he expected his future to lie primarily in orchestral music. Instead, it was choral music that transformed his direction.
That redirection, sparked inside Somerville’s chapel, is the thread that runs in a more or less straight line to Moonrise. The turning point came towards the end of his first year. Christopher attended one of the college’s contemplations, reflective services that combine music, poetry, and readings. Listening to the Somerville College Choir perform, he experienced what he describes as an epiphany.
“I just had this sort of epiphany that I’d been missing choral music from my life for so long,” he recalls. “I realised that that was where I needed to be.” Although he had spent years pursuing orchestral performance, the artistic language that ultimately felt most natural was the one he thought he had left behind. Through Somerville College Choir and its director, Will Dawes, he rediscovered a musical tradition that had shaped him as a child.
That relationship would eventually become the foundation for Moonrise. The choir provided a collaborative environment in which Christopher’s compositional voice could develop, serving as his “most kind of significant collaborators to date” who have “have hugely inspired the way that [he] write[s]”. Looking back, he is clear that the album would never have existed without Oxford. “This album only happened because I was in the right place at the right time with the right choir and the right director”, he says.
Yet Oxford’s influence extends beyond performance opportunities. Christopher speaks of the university as a creative ecosystem whose value lies in its intellectual diversity. Although he studies music, much of the poetry featured on Moonrise came through conversations with friends studying English and modern languages. The degree itself, meanwhile, exposed him to ideas that challenged his assumptions about what composition could be.
While rooted in the choral tradition, Christopher’s music draws inspiration from far beyond the classical canon. He speaks enthusiastically about artists ranging from Joni Mitchell to contemporary popular musicians. Rather than treating classical music as a sealed cultural category, he approaches it as part of a wider musical landscape. Oxford, he says, “removed any sort of prejudices that [he] had internalised from studying GCSE music”.
But, of course, Oxford isn’t all positive for composition. Christopher is careful not to romanticise the experience. “Oxford really gets in the way of composing,” he says bluntly at one point. The Music degree (like any Oxford degree), he explains, leaves little uninterrupted time for sustained creative work. Unlike a conservatoire education, his course does not centre composition itself. Despite this, he views Oxford as a productive tension, rather than a mere obstacle. The demands of the degree may limit the time available for composition, but they also expose him to ideas, texts, and people that continually enrich his creative work. “Whilst sometimes I can feel like I’m fighting against the degree a bit to find time to write and compose”, he reflects, “it’s so great because the degree is so stimulating”. Oxford, in his view, has been a place where academic study and artistic practice constantly inform one another.
The result is a compositional style that balances sophistication with immediacy. His creative process is surprisingly architectural. Before writing notes, he sketches large visual timelines on sheets of A3 paper, mapping emotional trajectories, climaxes, textures, and harmonic developments. He compares the process to designing a building.
Describing his composition process, he says: “I’ll sit there and think, okay, I’ve got five minutes. Where do I want the high point of the piece to be? How can I create a sense of catharsis for the listener?” The language is telling. Even when discussing structure, Christopher returns repeatedly to emotional experience. Composition becomes a carefully planned emotional journey, which leads him to reject the idea that composition is inherently intellectual. Instead, his music is fundamentally personal and autobiographical. “I think actually that does make me quite different to some classical composers”, he says. While some composers prefer distance between their work and their personal lives, he actively embraces vulnerability. His music functions almost as a form of emotional testimony.Nowhere is that clearer than in the third Pride Motet. Christopher says, “I put my heartbreak and my love and my humanity into that piece”.
For Christopher, the goal when composing music is to create music that anyone, regardless of their background in classical music, can listen to and appreciate. Asked how he would describe Moonrise to someone without a classical background, he avoids technical language entirely. Instead, he speaks about emotion. The album, he says, is an attempt “to express human emotion” and to create atmospheres that listeners can inhabit regardless of their musical experience. The words he chooses to describe the music – “warm, comforting, atmospheric, emotional, sensitive” – reveal a composer less concerned with intellectual display than with human connection.
As he prepares for the next stage of his career, including a move to Germany and new commissions for choir and orchestra, that commitment remains unchanged. The success of Moonrise has given him confidence that audiences are responding to the values that matter most to him: emotional truth, accessibility, and connection.
Moonrise emerged from precisely that conviction. Beneath its carefully crafted choral textures and ambitious artistic vision lies a simple idea: that music is at its most powerful when it communicates something real. It is an idea Christopher has cemented in his professional repertoire because of Oxford – because of a choir he wasn’t looking for, a director who became a collaborator, and a degree that left him fighting for time even as it gave him plenty to write about. That belief, and that drive to make music accessible, seems likely to remain at the centre of whatever comes next.
Student Life
‘Scenes With Girls’ and complicated female friendships
Scenes with Girls deserves to be seen as one of Labyrinth Productions’ (Rosie Morgan-Males and Emily Cullinan) most impressive accolades. It displayed the tension inside a female friendship to such a believable extent that at points the audience were silenced entirely. It felt particularly relevant given this year’s right-wing coverage of an emerging “angry woman” who refuses to conform to established beauty ideals, creating the concern amongst men that she may, horror-of-horrors, renounce them entirely.
The play centres the friendship of flatmates Tosh (Juliet Taub) and Lou (Sanaa Pasha), and their ex-flatmate Fran (Georgina Cooper), and forces the audience to consider what it means to live as a feminist in today’s day and age. Each character symbolises a varying degree of conformity to the standard “narrative” – the conventional life path ascribed to women which lacks space for female platonic intimacy, and foregrounds the pursuit of heteronormative romantic relationships. Lou persistently seeks sex with men, but wishes she could leave her body as it happens, Tosh chooses not to associate with men at all, and Fran becomes the object of their ridicule as she, in their eyes, allows herself to be dominated by her boyfriend.
The play questions whether following the narratives we’re fed makes us flawed. Underlying the flatmates’ attempts to define a new feminist consciousness is a sense of sexual competitiveness written into their psyches since “girls’ school”, and ironically it is Tosh who chooses the “desire to be desired” over forging an alternative lifestyle with Lou, briefly doing a “really good impression of a girlfriend” before the two reunite. This production was remarkable for its ability to use laughter to make the audience think. Lines which were instantly funny, such as Taub begging her boyfriend to repeat himself and him saying “you’re so fit”, prompted reflection on the reality of women allowing men’s assessment of their physical appearance to dictate their happiness. Hearing conversations after the performance’s end made me certain that this production will have an enduring impact on viewers’ understanding of heterosexual romance.
The actors’ versatility prevented the physically intense emotional scenes from losing pace, and Rosie Morgan-Males’ stellar directing allowed the audience to observe when each friend was craving the other’s approval. In such an intimate relationship, tension was physical. Blocking made evident to everyone but Lou that Tosh wanted her undivided attention. Lou’s incessant mentions of sex made Tosh’s shoulders visibly slump, and her dissatisfied expression at times where Lou seemed more focused on her phone gave context to later anger. Later, having been persuaded that she ought to renounce men entirely, Lou is placed behind Tosh so that the audience can notice her hopeful looks as she asserts to Fran that she no longer wants to talk about boys: in a weak imitation of Tosh’s all out separatism, Lou murmurs that she now finds them “gross”.
Cooper as Fran was a comedic highlight, and Morgan-Males’ choice to push her over-enthusiastic reactions to extremity was well enacted. Cooper’s focus was commendable: the audience could see that while constantly smiling, Fran was also constantly listening, never looking away from the relationship between the two women. This made her later assertion that she “is not stupid” and sees herself worthy of pursuing their feminist lifestyle believable.
Pasha too is a fantastic emotional actor and it was in her character’s moments of defeat that she shone most. After Tosh confronts her and explains that she is obsessed by “the shit version of love they [men] give you”, her physicality destabilises and for much of the rest of the play she appears untethered, at one stage collapsing on the floor. The sense that she is struggling to avoid a total breakdown was impressively acted, her eyes glazing with tears as she tells Fran that she feels “mad”.
Taub was impossible not to watch, especially in moments of climactic anger. Her ability to move between a cynical “dead-inside” attitude and brutal anger was phenomenal. In particular, her dogged confrontation of Pasha had the audience visibly uncomfortable.
The embodiment of the joy as well as pain within Tosh and Lou’s platonic relationship was a highlight. No holds-barred descriptions of Tosh’s sex life, in which the men were always viscerally denounced – “the conversational equivalent of a nosebleed in a swimming pool” – were interspersed with tableaus that convincingly represented the pair as two friends placed firmly in our generation. Non-sensical jokes were thrown at each other while sat apart engrossed in their phone screens. In the parts of the script where their friendship was strongest they sprawled their limbs across each other. It was these unspoken moments that made their friendship seem most real: jokingly poking each other’s legs, or wrestling each other to the ground.
The actors’ boldness and commitment to every movement gave the play its glowing quality. Their hugs – most memorably after Tosh demands that Lou “dig into this” – successfully transferred an appearance of platonic passion. Alongside whole-hearted physical intimacy, the toilet at the back of the stage was an effective way to demonstrate the lack of boundaries between the characters. The lack of bodily privacy between the two was reflected in its openness to the audience, with some of the most compelling dialogue delivered by Tosh from the toilet seat. In an extremely powerful exchange taking advantage of this set-up, a visibly defeated Taub asked “am I mentally ill?”.
The “messiness” of the physical intimacy was well complimented by the set, with clothes strewn across the floor. It felt like an illusion to Tracey Emin’s My Bed in an era where women’s lack of total cleanliness is no longer seen as shocking. The simplicity of the costumes (relaxed tops and tracksuits, designed by Clara Woodhead and Mimi Finney) were another indicator of the friend’s closeness.
The script, like female friendships themselves, is complicated, but the actors tackled it with professional quality. It is rare that a student production is capable of making an audience both laugh out loud, and fall completely silent. To use a cliche, it was jaw-dropping.
Student Life
Jacinda Ardern and eight others awarded with honorary degrees
William Hague, Chancellor of Oxford, conferred nine honorary degrees in today’s Encaenia ceremony. The recipients include former New Zealand Prime Minister Dame Jacinda Ardern; actress and theatre director Adjoa Andoh MBE; and literary critic and host of Finding Your Roots Henry Louis Gates Jr.
The other honorands are tennis player Billie Jean King; electronics engineer and inventor of blue LED Shuji Nakamura; Nobel Prize-winning economics professor Daron Acemoglu; Birmingham Royal Ballet director Carlos Acosta CBE; biochemist Katalin Karikó, whose mRNA research contributed to the COVID-19 vaccines; and former CEO of GSK Dame Emma Walmsley.
The procession of recipients and senior members of the University walked from Exeter College to the Sheldonian Theatre, where the ceremony took place, around 11.20am. Earlier this year, the Chancellor conferred eight honorary degrees in a Special Honorary Degree Ceremony intended to commemorate the beginning of his Chancellorship.

Encaenia takes place on the Wednesday of ninth week of each Trinity term, and sees the conferral of honorary degrees on recipients selected by the Congregation, a body of over 5,000 staff and academics. The University website describes these awards as “the most prestigious awards the University can confer”. The ceremony is traditionally followed by a lunch, hosted by All Souls College for over 100 years, and a garden party. It has been a constant feature in the Oxford calendar since the 1470s.
Dame Jacinda Ardern GNZM is one of the most prominent honorands this year. As the Prime Minister of New Zealand from 2017 to 2023, she was praised by international media for her leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic. Last year, Ardern joined the Blavatnik School of Government as a member of the World Leaders Circle, alongside former Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.
Adjoa Andoh MBE is another recognisable face among the recipients. An actress from Bristol, she has performed with the National Theatre and the Royal Shakespeare Company, and is an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. In recent years, she has played Lady Danbury in both Bridgerton and Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story, the latter of which included a wedding scene filmed in Merton College Chapel.
Dame Emma Walmsley DBE is the only recipient to also be an alumna of the University. She studied for an MA in Classics and Modern Languages at Christ Church, later working at L’Oréal. From 2016 to 2025, she was the CEO of GSK, one of the world’s largest pharmaceutical companies, and is the first woman to lead an international pharmaceutical company.
Professor Henry Louis Gates Jr. is one of the several Americans awarded today. An academic at Harvard University, he rediscovered the manuscripts of the earliest known African-American novels and is the director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research. Professor Gates has also built a successful television career as the host of Finding Your Roots, in which celebrities are presented with their ancestral histories.
Past notable honorands include Nelson Mandela (1996), Dame Judi Dench (2000), and Sir Tim Berners-Lee (2001).
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