Oxford News
Oldest genetic evidence for domestic dogs identified in Europe and Türkiye
14,300-year-old dog jawbone from Gough’s Cave, UK © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London
The research team, involving experts from 17 institutions internationally, identified multiple dogs dated to similar periods across Europe and Anatolia, indicating dogs were widely distributed by 14,000 years ago. At this time, all humans were hunter-gatherers and agriculture had not yet emerged.
Scientists have known that dogs emerged from grey wolf populations and they suspected that the process took place around the last Ice Age. Up to now, evidence from pre-agricultural archaeological sites has been limited and difficult to confirm. During the early phases of domestication, the skeletons of dogs and wolves were likely to have been indistinguishable, and their behavioural differences do not leave traces in the archaeological record.
Previous studies have mostly used very short DNA sequences and skeletal measurements to evaluate the earliest presence of dogs in the archaeological record. In this new study, the researchers recovered whole genomes from archaeological specimens excavated from Upper Palaeolithic sites. These included Pınarbaşı in Türkiye (dating to around 15,800 years ago) and Gough’s Cave in the UK (around 14,300 years ago), as well as two Mesolithic sites in Serbia (11,500–7,900 years ago and 8,900 years ago, respectively). They then compared the genomes with more than 1,000 modern and ancient dogs and wolves from across the world.
The results of these analyses confirmed that these bones belonged to dogs, and that they were already widespread across western Eurasia by at least 14,300 years ago.
Not only has this discovery pushed back the earliest direct evidence of dogs by 5,000 years, it also showed us that dogs and wolves were clearly separate, both biologically and in how humans interacted with them, at least 16,000 years ago.
Co-lead author Dr Lachie Scarsbrook (School of Archaeology)
Co-lead author Dr Lachie Scarsbrook (School of Archaeology, University of Oxford) said: ‘Not only has this discovery pushed back the earliest direct evidence of dogs by 5,000 years, it also showed us that dogs and wolves were clearly separate, both biologically and in how humans interacted with them, at least 16,000 years ago. This suggests that dog domestication likely took place sometime during the last Ice Age, more than 10,000 years before the appearance of any other domestic plants or animals, which really does secure their title as “man’s best friend”.’
These Palaeolithic dogs were genetically similar and were members of a population that expanded across the region between 18,500 and 14,000 years ago. They were more closely related to the ancestors of present-day European and Middle Eastern breeds, such as boxers and salukis, than to Arctic breeds like Siberian huskies. This indicates that today’s major dog genetic lineages must have been established by the Upper Palaeolithic.
Corresponding author Professor Greger Larson (School of Archaeology, University of Oxford) said: ‘By comparing the DNA from these ancient dogs with other ancient and modern populations, we were surprised to see just how closely related the earliest dogs were despite living more than 4,000 km apart. This suggests that the first dogs were a game changer and spread rapidly across Europe.’
We were surprised to see just how closely related the earliest dogs were despite living more than 4,000 km apart. This suggests that the first dogs were a game changer and spread rapidly across Europe.
Corresponding author Professor Greger Larson (School of Archaeology)
What role these dogs played in Palaeolithic communities is currently unclear. The remains were associated with several human hunter-gatherer populations that were genetically and culturally different. This suggests that the spread of dogs may have been linked to the migration and interaction of these groups, including Epigravettian and Magdalenian communities in Europe.
The study included an analysis of dietary isotopes led by researchers at the University of York and the Natural History Museum. This showed that people at Pınarbaşı likely fed dogs fish, which, together with evidence that the animals were intentionally buried, suggests a close interaction between people and their dogs. Suggestions of similar interaction were also seen at Gough’s Cave and a site in Germany, indicating dogs may have held cultural significance across Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer communities.
The study ‘Dogs were widely distributed in Western Eurasia during the Palaeolithic’ has been published today in Nature.
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Oxford News
Oxford Union criticised for inviting Sudanese prime minister
Kamil Idris is due to speak at the union today to discuss the responsibilities of leadership during times of crisis, and the importance of international cooperation in building peace and recovery in Sudan.
Mr Idris assumed office last May amid a devastating civil war in Sudan.
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The invitation has drawn sharp criticism from some Sudanese activists and citizens.
They expressed concern that the high-profile appearance could serve to legitimise military-backed rule and prolong the conflict that has gripped the nation.
Bashir Ahmed, former chairman of the Sudanese community in Oxford, said: “The invitation extended to Dr. Kamel Idris by a respected organisation such as the Oxford Union amounts to normalising war crimes and granting legitimacy to Sudan’s de facto government, despite its commission of all these crimes—including murder, displacement, and rape.
“The invitation to Kamel has led the media of Sudan’s ruling regime to celebrate it as a resounding victory.
“The war in Sudan has entered its fourth year, and the numbers of the dead and those who have fled their homes are staggering, we are talking about millions.
“Therefore, an invitation from a respected organisation like the Oxford Union ultimately benefits the murderous regime in Sudan.”
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Activist Bashir Ahmed (Image: Contributed)
The Oxford Union’s literature characterised the current administration as a “government of hope” tasked with maintaining essential services and managing a fragile transition.
It noted that the government operates under intense international and regional oversight during the civil war.
Mr Ahmed said: “I fully respect the Oxford Union’s long tradition of open discussion and engagement with controversial political figures.
“But for those directly affected, offering such a prestigious platform with high profile officials sends a deeply troubling message.”
Sudanese Prime Minister Kamil Idris serves as a representative of the Muslim Brotherhood in Sudan, whose military operations have been marked by the use of violence against civilians, contributing to the conflict, and advancing Islamist ideology.
The Brotherhood has been involved in the political and ideological control of Sudan, and has consistently rejected ceasefire negotiations.
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In April Labour MP Anneliese Dodds urged Sir Keir Starmer to prioritise Sudan in his international engagements. (Image: Lucy North/PA Wire)
Mr Ahmed continued said: “Across Sudan, survivors and victims continue to demand justice for atrocities, including mass killings and sexual violence.
“For Sudanese communities watching from abroad, and for those still trapped inside Sudan, this event is not seen as a neutral academic discussion. It is experienced as a painful political signal during a moment of immense national tragedy.
“We hope that British institutions with such global influence will stand clearly on the side of those principles.”
Rapper Tinie Tempah, TV personality Abby Lee Miller, Reform MP Matt Goodwin, and former Israeli politician are all set to speak at the Oxford Union this university term.
Oxford Union has been contacted for comment.
Oxford News
Bicester couple near £1m for Alexandra House of Joy centre
Alexandra House of Joy was founded in 2018 by husband and wife, Ian and Rachel Scott-Hunter to build the site on Middle Wretchwick Farm in Bicester.
The centre was Alexandra’s dream and will support and care for young and old adults with profound learning disabilities and their primary care givers.
Alexandra died of sepsis in 2018 (Image: Contributed)
Rachel said: “This is a legacy to our very brave and inspirational daughter. If we walked away, it would dishonour all that she went through.
“We know first-hand what families like ours are facing – the worry, fear, stress, isolation and loneliness, day and night, year after year.
“Love drives us, but love shouldn’t mean having to struggle without support.”
Ian and Rachel Scott-Hunter has raised almost £1m in several years (Image: Contributed)
Alexandra, who was born at St David’s Hospital in Bangor, North Wales, suffered a brain haemorrhage four days after birth. This confined her to a life in a wheelchair where she was totally dependent on others. She died of sepsis in 2019.
From 1991, when Alexandra entered adult social care, the couple say they saw “how fragile and unfair the system could be” and now warn of a “shocking and disgraceful” erosion of adult social care.
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“We were heard, marginalised, excluded, ignored and utterly disrespected,” the co-founder said, “No-one was doing anything so we had to bring change.
“As services have disappeared, many are facing exhaustion, isolation and heartbreak alone.
“Families caring for people with profound learning disabilities in our community are being left behind.”
Despite this, the couple has raised £982,434 over the last eight years and are now only £17,565 off their £1m goal which will secure the start of the three-phase building project.
When the doors finally open, Rachel hopes her daughter’s legacy will be one “of love, courage and quiet strength.”
She said: “Our centre will offer care, hope and relief for people. People with profound learning disabilities will be valued and family caregivers will know they are not alone.”
Phase one, which aims to break the ground by early 2027, will see the construction of a four-bed purpose-built centre to support up to 25 families a month.
Phase two would add more bedrooms, extra activity rooms and a hydrotherapy pool, while phase three would see the creation of a small hospice service with two beds, a family lounge and relatives’ apartment.
Ian and Rachel Scott-Hunter with Bicester MP Calum Miller in December 2025 (Image: Contributed)
The charity has been supported by local businesses and organisations, including Bicester Motion, Bicester Village and Bicester Tesco, who have hosted fundraising events over the years.
A fundraising tandem skydive will take place at Brackley Airfield in July and MP Calum Miller, the charity’s ambassador, will be joining supporters to climb Snowdon in September 2026 to raise funds.
Oxford News
UK private school to trial free bus travel for pupils
St Hugh’s School, a co-educational day school and boarding school for pupils aged three to 13, is located at Carswell Manor, and is about to launch a new senior school.
The independent school will welcome its first cohort of Year 9 pupils in September 2026, with the first group of GCSE pupils completing their studies in 2029.
READ MORE: UK private school prepares for expansion
The opening of the senior school follows the purchase of nearly 20 acres of land next to the existing site.
Pupils at St Hugh’s School (Image: St Hugh’s School)
The newly acquired land will play a central role in the school’s strategic vision for the next five to 10 years.
To coincide with the launch of the senior school, free bus travel is being trialled for pupils.
The school said in a statement: “We are thrilled to share our new initiative for all our families in September 2026.
“Through our existing bus routes, and an additional Oxford route, we are offering our families a free bus service to and from school for pupils in Years 1-9.
“We are hoping this offering will support our families both financially and logistically, whilst delivering on our pledge to be more sustainable as a school and to reduce congestion within the local area.”
Pupils at St Hugh’s School (Image: St Hugh’s School near Faringdon)
The school added buses can be booked for just morning or afternoon each day.
It said: “In addition, we will offer a free breakfast club for pupils in Year 1 and above who are unable to use our current offering of bus routes.
“Supper will also be available for all Year 3 pupils free of charge. This is an addition to our existing free wrap-around care provision before and after school for children from reception upwards.
“We hope that this initiative will offer families greater flexibility to ensure we support them logistically on a day-to-day basis.”
Both the free transport and meal provision will run as a trial for the 2026-2027 academic year, during which the school will assess enthusiasm, viability, and long-term sustainability.
If uptake remains strong, the school hopes to expand the offer further in future.
To ensure fair access for as many as possible, and to prevent block bookings for unused seats or meals, St Hugh’s will introduce a small charge to cover costs in cases where journeys or meals are missed at short notice.
St Hugh’s has been working closely with architects to shape a comprehensive development plan, including a new dining room, enhanced teaching spaces, and expanded facilities for the pre-prep, prep, and the new senior school which formally opens in June this year.
An open morning for prospective parents and pupils was held on May 8, and places at the senior school are now being advertised.
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